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WASHINGTON — Economic worries were the dominant concern as voters cast ballots for Tuesday's elections, according to preliminary findings from the AP Voter Poll.

The results of the expansive survey of more than 17,000 voters in New Jersey, Virginia, California and New York City suggested the public was troubled by an economy that seems trapped by higher prices and fewer job opportunities.

A year after President Donald Trump was brought back to the White House on the promise that he could tame inflation and unleash growth, economic worries were still at the top of voters' minds. Despite a rising stock market, inflation remains elevated and hiring slowed sharply. Since October, a federal government shutdown only compounded the sense of uncertainty.

While Trump tried to highlight his efforts to deport immigrants in the country illegally and send federal officers and National Guard troops into cities to fight crime, few voters saw these issues as the top concern for the places they live.

These broader economic anxieties were accompanied by high discontent in some of the off-year elections. More than half of voters in New Jersey and Virginia said they were "angry" or "dissatisfied" with how things were going in the country.

The economic challenges played out in different ways at the local level. Most New Jersey voters said property taxes were a "major problem," while most New York City voters said this about the cost of housing. Most Virginia voters said they've felt at least some effects from recent federal government cuts.

The 2025 AP Voter Poll, conducted by SSRS Oct. 22 to Tuesday, includes representative samples of registered voters in California (4,490), New Jersey (4,244), New York City (4,304) and Virginia (4,215). The AP Voter Poll combines data collected from validated registered voters online and by telephone, with data collected in-person from election day voters at approximately 30 precincts per state or city, excluding California. The overall margin of sampling error for voters, accounting for design effect, is plus or minus 2.0 percentage points in California, 2.1 percentage points in New Jersey, 2.2 percentage points in New York City, and 2.1 percentage points in Virginia.

Most voters said they aren't getting ahead financially

Voters mostly said their own finances were stable, but the poll results suggested that many feel they cannot get ahead in the current economy. That leaves them feeling stuck in place, instead of moving up the financial ladder.

About 6 in 10 voters in New Jersey, Virginia and New York City said their family's finances were "holding steady," but relatively few felt they were "getting ahead," and about one-quarter said they were "falling behind."

About half of Virginia voters said the economy was the most important issue facing their state. Just 2 in 10 pointed to health care, about 1 in 10 named education or immigration, and fewer than that said crime was the top issue facing the commonwealth.

Most New Jersey voters said either taxes or the economy were the top issue in their state. About one-third of voters named each of these issues, compared to about 2 in 10 who said this about health care. Less than 1 in 10 identified immigration or crime as top issues.

Just more than half of New York City voters said the cost of living was the most important issue in the city — as the expense of rent and level of income inequality climbed in America's most populated city. About one-quarter said crime was their major concern. Another 1 in 10 said this of immigration, and less than 1 in 10 pointed to health care or transportation as the top issue.

Dissatisfaction with direction of the country

The polling found a high level of discontent about America's direction as a country in several states, a sign that few voters felt reassured so far by Trump's return to the White House.

Democratic-led California asked its residents to vote Tuesday on a plan to redraw the lines of its congressional districts, after Trump pushed Republican states such as Texas to amend their district boundaries in hopes of helping GOP candidates in next year's midterm elections.

About half of California voters described themselves as "angry" about the direction of the country, with another 2 in 10 saying they were "dissatisfied."

About 6 in 10 voters in Virginia and New Jersey said they are "angry" or "dissatisfied" with the way things are going in the country today. Just one-third said they are "enthusiastic" or "satisfied."

Federal cuts hit Virginia voters, while New Jersey voters worry about taxes

People are stressed about affordability, but that manifests in different ways.

In Virginia, the Trump administration's federal government layoffs and funding cuts seemed to take a toll. About 6 in 10 voters said federal government cuts this year affected their family's finances "a lot" or "a little." Those economic woes could compound if the government shutdown persists and federal employees and contractors are forced to go without paychecks.

In New Jersey, property taxes and electricity costs raised alarms. About 7 in 10 New Jersey voters called property tax rates where they live a "major problem" and about 6 in 10 said that about their utility bills.

In New York City, about 7 in 10 voters said the cost of housing where they live was "a major problem," with renters being especially likely to point to this as an issue. Fewer voters called crime "a major problem" in the city.